Explosion engine working under injection of liquid fuel



E. H. TARTHAIS.

EXPLOSION ENGINE WORKING UNDER INJECTION OF LIQU ID FUEL. APPLICATION FILED NOV-21,1918.

1,414,884. r Patent-ed Mag 2,1922.

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5W 26% W @M'PM UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EUGENE HENRI TARTRAIS, OF MAISONS-LAFFIT'IE, FRANCE.

EXPLOSION ENGINE WORKING UNDER INJECTION OF LIQUID FUEL.

" Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed November '21, 1918. Serial No. 263,582.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, EUGENE HENRI TAR- TRAIS, citizen of'the Republic of France, residing at 3 Rue de Mexico, Maisons-Laflitte, Seine-et-Oise, in the Republic of France, have invented new and useful Improvements in Explosion Engines Working Under Infuel and mix same with air.

In my improved engine, ignition is effected when starting by means of any suitable firing device. Later on, when the engine is hot, ignition is due at the same timeto the high temperature of the combustion chamber, the heat due to compression and eventually the aforesaid igniter which remains red hot owing to the repeated explosions.

. In the accompanying drawing: Fig. 1 shows an example of construction of the motor assumed to be a four stroke one, in

. section at right angles to the shaft and passing through the axis of 'the cylinder, the parts being shown in a position slightly before the end ofthe second stroke, (compression) that is to say a little before ignition.

Fig. 2 is a section drawn on a larger scale on line A-A of Fig. 1.

Referring to Fig. 1, 1 it the piston, 2 the cylinder, 3 the outlet valve and 4 theinlet valve. 7 x

7 At the top of the piston, there is provided a cylindrical extension 5; Said extension is designed at the-end of the stroke, to enter a passage 6 of the cylinder without exactly fitting into same. The passage 6 leads to a. chamber 7 supporting an ignition plug 8 and an atomizer P for the injected liquid fuel entering at 9.

Between the piston 1 and the cylinder 2, is formed, in the position shown, a chamber 10 the purpose of which will-be explained later; said chamber will have a volume ractically equal to zero when the piston lias reached the end of its stroke. At 11, is shown the water cooling jacket of the cylinder. The atomizer for injected liquid fuel will'preferably beof the type shown in dev tail in Fig. 2, and fully described in my be clearly hereinafter de scribed to spread, atomize, and vaporize the copending application for Letters Patent filed November 21, 1918, Serial Number 263,581. It comprises avalve body a-to be secured onto the engine, a knife shaped Patented May 2,1922.

valx e seat-b formed by the inner edge of the valve body, a valve 0 with "a flat bearing surface having a thinned orsharpen'ededge 0 a valve rod (1 fitting without play into the valve body and provided with grooves d for allowing the liquid to pass, a return spring e, a joint connecting the valve body to the pipe 9 carrying the liquid injected atthe proper time by a fuelpump ofany known type, a filter. f for the liquid and a chamber 9 surrounding the valve body'together with an inlet pipe 9 and an'o'utlet a cooling circulation pipe 9 for providing around the valve body.

The operation of the engine is as follows: v I

1v When the extension 5- engagesthe passage 6, (position of Fig. 1) there is a transfer of compressed air from 10 into 7 through the annular space between 5 and 6. At the same time, a certain quantity of liquid fuel is injected by the atomizer and equally, radially distributed in all directions. The air transferred from 10 into 7 produces in 7 an eddy in the direction of the arrows which enables an intimate mixture with the injected fuel to be obtained. On the other hand, said movement tends to project the liquid .parts of the fuel against the wall of the chamber 7 and said wall is purposely kept hot as far as possible. It will be seen in. the drawing that the upper part is without water. In the example shown, the lower part is cooled, as will be seen at 12, because of the presence of the valves at that part of' the casing. It could be otherwise done and, particularly, it would 'be possible to coat said part with an athermanous lining. By these means, the vaporization of the whole fuel 1s hastened.

It will be seen with a sharp edge 13. By this means any fuel which may have crept along the wall of the chamber on account of I the rotating shown by the arrows 14, as already explained.

A thick edge might give rise to .a dead quiet'space in which the combustible liq- 100 that the inner rounded part of the torus'shaped chamber 7 is provided easier since it will be seen that the fuel projecte'd' in the direction of the arrows 15 reaches directly the igniter as, at that time,

the speed of the engine being low, the action of the whirling air is not very efficient. This is however only of advantage when starting is effected with a non volatile fuel.

It is to be noted that, in order to provide for speed regulation, it will be possible to vary the advance in the injection of the fuel, said variable advance performing the same function as the variation in ignition in the ordinary explosion engines.

I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. An .explosion engine working under injection of liquid fuel and comprising in combination: a cylinder, means for cooling said cylinder, means in the Wall of said cylinder for effecting the suction of air and the exhaust of burned gases, an uncooled combustion or explosion chamber provided outside the cylinder and coaxially' with the latter and having a substantially toroidal form,

' its central part. constituting a capacity in which a liquid fuel distributer atomizer extends axially and uniformly distributes the atomized fuel in radial directions about its axis, a passage in the center of the cylinder head, said passage opening axially into the explosion chamber, a piston working in the cylinder and an extension provided on the face of said piston in line with the opening in the head of the cylinder and having a "section somewhat less than that of said opening, said extension entering said opening at the end of the stroke and causing the rapid flowing, into the explosion chamber, of the air-compressed between the piston and the head of the cylinder, and an i iter substantially as described and for t e purpose specified.

2. An explosion engine working under i'n-- jection of liquid fuel and comprisin in combination: a cylinder, means for coo ing said cylinder, means in the wall of said cylinder for effecting the suction of air and the exhaust of burned gases, an uncooled combustion or explosion chamber provided outside the cylinder and coaxially with the latter and having a substantially toroidal form, its central partconstituting a capacity in which a liquid fuel distributer'atomizer ex tends axially and uniformly distributes the atomized fuelin radial directions about its axis from a point substantially on a level with the middle of the height of'the explosion. chamber, a passage in the centre of the the atomized fuel in radial cylinderhead,said passage opening axially into the explosion chamber, opposite the fuel atomizer and at a point substantially on the level with the middle of the height of the explosion chamber, an ignition plug, a piston working in the cylinder and an extension provided on the face of said piston opposite means for effecting the suction of an and Having now described my invention, What" the exhaust of burned gases, anuncooled combustion or explosion chamber having substantially the form of a tore, placed outside the cylmder symmetrically with respect to the aims, of said cylinder, there being an opening or passage in the center of the head of the cylinder in line with the axis of the explosion chamber ;a liquid fuel distributor atomizer extending axially into the explosion chamber opposite the opening in the head of the c linder,-said atomizer embodying a valv the head of which resents a fiat bearing surface with a sharp e ge resting against a knife shaped seat, placed at the atomizer exit, at right angles to the liquid jet, in order that said 1i uid may be radially distributed all round t e explosion chamber,.an ignition plug,a piston working in the cylinder and an extension provided on the head of said piston opposite the opening in the head of the cylinder and having a seca tion somewhat less than that of said opening,

said extension entering said opening at theend of the stroke and causing the rapidflow into the explosion chamber of the air compressed between the piston and the head of the cylinder, substantially as described and for the purpose described.

4. An explosion engine working under injection of liquid fuel and comprising a com- 'bination: a cylinder with cooling jacket, meansin the wall of said cylinder for effecting the suction of air and the exhaust of the burned gases, an u'ncooled combustion or ex-.

plosion chamber having substantially the form of a tore, placed outside the cylinder, symmetrically with respect to the axisof said cylinder, saidtore shaped chamber having a sharp inner edge, there being an opening or passage provided in the center of the head of the cylinder and in line with the axis of the explosion chamber, a liquid fuel distributor extending axially into the explosion cham- I ber opposite the opening in the head of the cylinder and adapted to uniformly distribute directions about its axis, in a substantially plane film passing above'the inner edge of the tore shaped chamber, an ignition plug placed in the peripheral part of the explosion chamber so that the incandescent part of said ignition 10 the opening in the cylinder head and havinga section somewhat less than that of said opening, said extension entering said opening at the. end of the stroke and causing the rapid flowing into the explosion chamber of the air compressed between the piston and the 15 head of the cylinder, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name tothis specification.

EUGENE HENRI TARTRAIS. 

